Power Set : Natural Language Search

         Here from the previous article that we introduced about semantic application, in this article we pick one of the interesting application that is Power Set.

        This application use the concept of semantic technology to provide natural language search, give user more aggregated search result from the meaning not just by the keyword. Power Set can also makes a "Semantic connections" to create large database or semantic database. Power Set application is not made for racing with Google, but they are on a quest for better web communication and engagement. Both trying to let the system to be able to understand and handle data universally. Power Set search technology is now developing under Powerlabs program to differentiate Power Set from other search endeavors.

Semantic Web Application

I will give example about semantic web application that I have known: Freebase, Powerset, Twine, AdaptiveBlue, Hakia, Talis, TrueKnowledge, Triplt, Clear forest and Spock. This 10 application are not the top ten famous but they are web applications that use RDF, OWL and other standards for metadata. Note that some application is non-public application and some are in private beta. How those they work, usually it work like Wikipedia by let people share knowledge and information. When you searching for information. The system will analyze all kind of related data in the database. Using RDF, OWL, SPARQL, XSL to let you get the data you search without junk data.

Oracle Semantic Technology

           From previous article we have discussed about Data Storage. Next we will keep talking about Oracle that uses Semantic Technology.

          Oracle Database enables you to store semantic data and ontology, to query semantic data and to perform ontology-assisted query of enterprise relational data, and to use supplied or user-defined inferencing to expand the power of querying on semantic data. Next, let's see how these capabilities interact.

Oracle Semantic Capabilities

As shown in this figure, it illustrates the storage, query, and inferencing capabilities of Oracle Database. The database contains semantic data and ontologies RDF/OWL, as well as traditional relational data. The illustration contains four boxes labeled which are INFER, QUERY, STORE, and Database.

Semantic Data Storage in Oracle

       This article describes the support for semantic technologies, specifically Resource Description Framework (RDF) and a subset of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) that you are familiar with the major concepts associated with RDF and OWL, such as {subject, predicate, object} triples, URIs, blank nodes, plain and typed literals, and ontologies. This article we do not explain these concepts in detail much more, but focuses instead on how the concepts are implemented in Oracle.
 
As you have known about Oracle, it offers a robust, scalable, secure platform to store RDF and OWL data. It allows efficient storage, loading and querying of semantic data. Queries are enhanced by adding relationships or ontologies that we have discussed already to data and evaluated on the basis of semantics.

Data storage  is in the form of RDF triples which are Subject, Predicate, Object. The triples stored in the semantic data store are modeled as a graphed structure. All the data is stored in a single central schema allowing access to users for loading and querying data.
                     
The Subject and Object are modeled as nodes, while the Predicates are denoted by links in the graphed structure. Nodes are stored and efficiently reused when required. An RDF triple in the semantic store has a subject or start node, predicate or relationship, object or end node, which comprises a link. A new link is created on inserting a new triple and nodes are reused if similar nodes already exists.

Epik:The Internet is evolving

As we already talked about what is the Semantic web and AI, now we are moving to the real business that already used the semantic technology. In this article, let’s we introduce the website called “Epik”

 Epik was founded in 2009 with the purpose of helping to develop businesses and unlock their potential or even refreshing that business domain, think about the parked sites that had generated benefits for many years ago, and now they become obsolete or ignored by the search engine, one goal of Epik is to provide ways for customer to park on their web site and also make the web site work better.

Epik approach to the business owner is based on 4 primary beliefs that are:

      1.       Platform are the key to cost-effective development

They believed that the profitable portfolio domain is cost-efficiency and scale, so if one can builds many useful sites; ten or even hundred site in less time than building one site, that would be more profitable and building just one site is insufficient regardless of scale. Some domain’s purpose is to do business like online store while others will open their business as online directory. Epik believes is to develop interrelated targeted to high performance site

      2.        The next web will be comprised of a networks

Each building website is connected horizontally with core services just like user management and user generate content creation. This connections are in the similar way as city that use unified approach to shared service like water and electricity, the speed of traffic or utility are critical, so, Epik focused to maximize the usability of each site as well as traffic and content syndication.

      3.        Managing the entire domain lifecycle is critical

Epik tried to maximize Return On Investment or ROI by optimizing the value chain starting with development, management, and finally the profit of developed site. To maximize the strategy, sometimes, Epik will collaborate with domain owner to create their own capital structure which can attract outside capital.
4.       Domain are financial instrument

To build a worthy domain names are very difficult and limit, also have some financial instruments like stocks and bonds in the market. Epik develop efficient market to secure liquidity.  

Here this is the example of website built by Epik

http://www.duilawyers.co/

Dui lawyer is the lawyer firm that use Epik to establish and also develop the firm to be a web directory searching for a lawyer with data to describe about each lawyer such as name, age or experiences for easily find and matching.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) ???

1. AI is a system that is able to conceive as a human, making decision, resolve problems, and learning.

2. AI is system that acts like a human. So, how could it been called act like a human? Alan Turing offer Turing Test in 1950 Which test acuity of AI as follows

- Natural language processing ( be able to communicate in English )

- Knowledge representation ( be able to recognize perception )

- Automated reasoning ( use information that recognize to solve the problem )

- Machine Learning ( be able to learn and adjustment )

- Computer Vision ( be able to see(visible) )

- Robotics ( changeover and be able to transfer object )

3. AI is a system that uses logic.

4. AI is a system that performs reasonably. ( rational agent )

References: Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach, Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig.

Ontology Dimensions Map

Before we talk about structure of ontology I would like to present an Ontology dimensions map.This diagram can serve to depict and talk about the dimensions as well as give you some understanding of the implications of metrics applied to them

It is a Template about ontologies rather than a conceptual model

Please limit interpretation of the "dimension map" to the following semantics :

• Blue ovals - There are two "nodes" related to "ontology" - essentially depicting the "what?" and the "whose?" of the ontology
• Green and lilac ovals, (over a line connecting two nodes) - There are then a series of "named arcs" or relationships/associations between nodes that depict or say something about, have or establish some relationship between two nodes - the green ones use verbs, while the lilac ones use nouns for no reason other than the fact that we didn't have time to go further: the green arcs could equally be named "formalization", "expression" and "structure"
• Red ovals, (with an unnamed directed arc pointing to a node) - There are some nodes that say something further about another node, whether it is to qualify, explain, scope or otherwise constrain
• Yellow ovals, (with an unnamed non-directed arc connecting with a node) - Some nodes have an "is" or an "is a" relationship with another node
  
• Finally, the nodes and arcs on the left cover, we believe the issues relating to semantic dimensions, while those on the right cover the pragmatic dimensions

I hope that this template maybe useful for you to understand more about the ontology and easy to understand the structure of it.

credit: http://keet.wordpress.com/2009/11/

Example OWL

Ontology Language or Web Ontology Language (OWL)
OWL has been designed to meet this need for a Web Ontology Language OWL is part of the growing stack of W3C recommendations related to the Semantic Web.
OWL is spec started from the W3C for increase the efficiency of searching in the Internet. For example if people want to search information on the internet by giving the condition.

"Tell me what wines I should buy to serve with each course of the following menu. And, by the way, I don't like Sauternes."

Currently, there’s no tool to search any data from the internet to get the results from the above requirements exactly.

However, OWL have occasion to make agent for search query data from above.

Example OWL

credit: http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/

How Semantic Web Works

Ontology, Web Ontology Language and Semantic web

          As we already mentioned in the first article, Semantic web is like the web with meaning, Ontology is also related to Semantic web, it is the science of arranging many data in the world to be related each other by differentiate the word and meaning then join them together for easier searching, also reference them by the language that can describes the structure and relationship of hierarchy system, that language is called Web Ontology Language (OWL). OWL is used to describes data in the website by looking at the meaning instead of just the word, OWL use URLs for naming and RDF(Resource Description Framework as a description framework for the website in order to add more capabilities to ontologies. Here there are some benefits of ontology for using in the website:
1. Enable the movement from concept to concept in the ontology structure
2. Know the meaning or concept that we are trying to specify
3. Matching the concept, which mean that even we specify the different things, we can still match them to the same idea such as sad or sorrow, they both referring to the concept of unpleasant state of mind.
4.Disambiguation by nature of the matching and analysis of concepts and instances
5.Reasoning, which is the ability to use the structure to answer the question of relatedness; this benefit is closely related to artificial intelligent or AI and it's not expressed in standard ontology.
       
          From the relationship structure on an ontology, they are good vehicles that lead to linkages and relatedness. the most popular use of ontologies now is Semantic search. The relationship is powerful and empower websites to organize information. One concept can related to another through a richness of vocabulary(with meaning). The use of ontologies as integration frameworks is resulting in valuable searching.
The next article will talk more about ontologies and their structures.

Semantic web and business-related implementation

          Hello everyone, this is our first blog to do the project about Internet technology and application, so the topic that our group has discussed and already chosen is about Semantic web and how it related to businesses today. The reason that we chose are we are interesting in the AI(Artificial Intelligence) system in the website, and also want to know how the website gathers data from several sources which are not only look at the keyword but also really know about the meaning that is the most related of what user's needed.
So, the next is briefly introduction about the Semantic web to describe what is it and how does it works.


What is semantic web?
          Semantic web is a technology for websites that help storing data, presenting as long as analyze and arrange each data into hierachy form, so we can know how each data will relate to another in different level . The purpose of these features is to replace the problem that we call "Information overload" from the Hypermedia web, for instance, when we search something on the website, there may have many data thats are not related to what we want, because machines cannot understand the real meaning of that word, so it cannot process and display the result we don't want it, that could waste the times and resources.
         Then the Semantic web is developed to solve this kind of problem by provide a common data framework that allows us to reuse or share it across the applications or communities by that machine can understand each element of data, the example feature from Semantic web that can tell the level of relationships is "Ontology"